Soil sampling is a vital practice for farmers in Northern Ireland, laying the foundation for both profitable crop production and responsible environmental stewardship. Regular analysis not only reveals the current nutrient status and fertility of the soil, but also informs precise, sustainable decisions on fertiliser and lime application—both important for maximising yield and protecting farm profitability. Fane Valley offers a service to take soil samples on your farm and also processing soil samples that you can collect on your own land.
Soil pH is fundamental to nutrient availability and overall soil health. In Northern Ireland, the optimum soil pH for most crops is 6.3 for grasslands and 6.5 for cereal crops. Within this range, vital nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are most accessible, while harmful elements like aluminium remain less soluble. Acidic soils (pH below 6.0) can severely restrict phosphorus uptake and diminish crop performance, while alkaline soils can limit micronutrient availability, highlighting why routine sampling and liming, where appropriate, are essential.
Both phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are central to plant growth, driving energy transfer, root development, and resilience to stress. Soil tests determine the availability of these nutrients in forms plants can absorb, helping to avoid both deficiencies, which reduce yields, and excessive applications, which threaten water quality through runoff. With only a minority of Northern Irish soils reaching optimal P and K levels, tailored nutrient management informed by regular sampling is necessary for economic and environmental sustainability.
At Fane Valley we see the importance in looking at soils in more detail, some important elements we add to our “Advanced soil analysis” are Calcium and the Cation exchange capacity. Calcium, often overlooked, is critical for plant structure and soil health, while its availability is closely tied to pH management. Additionally, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) is a key soil property reflecting its ability to retain and supply essential nutrients. Soils with high CEC—often those richer in clay and organic matter—can hold more nutrients such as calcium, potassium, and magnesium, making them more productive and resilient. Low-CEC soils are prone to nutrient leaching and require careful nutrient management, as revealed by routine analysis. Our team of agronomists can use this information to tailor fertiliser plans to ensure you get the best from your crops.
Regular soil sampling underpins efficient, targeted use of fertiliser and organic manures, optimising crop production while minimising input costs and environmental risks. By knowing exactly what the soil needs, farmers reduce the chances of runoff and water pollution, support sustainable soil management.
To find out more about soil analysis or getting soil samples taken on your farm contact your local Fane Valley Agronomist or call 028 9261 0485.
