Grazed grass remains the most cost-effective feed source on dairy farms across the country, however unlocking its full potential requires careful and strategic management. With input costs continuing to rise across the industry, maximising milk production from forage has never been more essential to maximise returns.
Maximising Milk from Forage
Dairy profitability in grass-based systems depends on the efficient conversion of grazed grass into milk. High-quality, leafy grass with a digestibility (D-Value) of 75–80% supports a greater dry matter intake, thanks to improved palatability and higher energy content. This leads to increased milk yield, improved fertility and better body condition. Although weather variability can leave it challenging, maintaining high grass quality ahead of cows is a fundamental requirement for optimal performance in grazing systems.
Grass Allocation and Cover Management
The foundation of performance at grass begins with correct allocation. Cows should be turned into paddocks at pre-grazing covers of 2,500–3,000 kg DM/ha, where the grass is leafy, digestible and high in energy. Post-grazing residuals should target 1,500 kg DM/ha to promote consistent regrowth and maintain sward quality.
Grass demand can be calculated by multiplying herd size by the expected daily intake — typically up to 15 kg DM per cow. Weekly farm walks using tools such as a rising plate meter help track growth rates and forecast potential deficits or surpluses. This information allows timely decisions around grazing rotation, daily area allocation, or adjustments to concentrate feeding which ensures performance is maintained.
Selecting the Right Cows to Graze
Not all cows benefit equally from top-quality grazed grass, and it can actually be detrimental to the higher yielding cows within the herd. To avoid issues such as negative energy balance, only certain cows should be selected for turnout. Ideal candidates include those:
- Over 100 days in milk (DIM)
- Producing less than 35 litres per day
- Confirmed in-calf (PD positive)
- With a body condition score (BCS) of at least 3.0
Fresh cows or those at peak yield may not meet these criteria and are better housed to maintain energy balance and prevent metabolic challenges to ensure a smooth transition to lactation. If practical, strategic grouping ensures optimal feed-to-yield matching and protects overall herd health through a targeted approach.
Conclusion
Efficient grass management requires balancing growth, demand and utilisation. By targeting the right pre- and post-grazing covers, allocating grass precisely and selecting the right cows to graze, farmers can significantly increase milk output from forage. This improves financial returns while keeping systems simple, efficient and sustainable.
To find out more about how Fane Valley Feeds can help you optimise your grazing management, contact your local Fane Valley Feeds Advisor or call 028 8224 3221.
