Good management of the pregnant ewe is crucial for the health of both the ewe and her lambs. This article covers the essential aspects of vaccinating pregnant ewes.
Vaccinations
Vaccinations are a critical component of preventive care for pregnant ewes as it protects both the ewe and her lambs from various diseases.
- Clostridial Diseases: These are caused by bacteria which are naturally present in the soil and the gut of healthy ewes therefore, cannot be avoided. There are many types of clostridial diseases (lamb dysentery, pulpy kidney, braxy, blacks’ disease, blackleg) and most result in rapid death. Vaccinating the ewe protects against clostridial diseases.
- Respiratory disease / Pneumonia: This is common in lambs and sheep. There are many factors that contribute to pneumonia including colostrum intake, weather, stress, and infectious agents. These infectious agents include viruses, parasites and bacteria, of which the most common bacteria is Mannheimia haemolytica, previously called Pasteurella haemolytica, hence the ‘P’ on Heptavac P Plus.
The timing and selection of vaccines are crucial for optimal protection. This is because not only do these vaccines protect the ewe directly, if given at the correct time before lambing, the vaccines will also enhance colostrum quality, providing better immunity to newborn lambs.
Animals | Heptavac P plus vaccination regime | When to vaccinate |
Breeding ewes | 2ml booster dose every 12 months | To protect the lambs, give booster 4-6 weeks before lambing |
Replacements & New Additions | 2 injections of a 2ml dose, 4-6 weeks apart | Aim to complete as soon as possible after purchase. To protect the lambs, give booster 4-6 weeks pre lambing |
Other Vaccines
As clostridial and pneumonia bacteria are naturally present, it is advised to vaccinate against the diseases caused by them. However, depending on specific farm conditions and disease prevalence, additional vaccines may be considered:
- Orf vaccine: Orf is caused by a virus and causes scabby lesions around the nostrils and mouth of lambs, and udder and teats of ewes. It can affect sheep of all ages and is highly contagious and can even spread to people handling infected sheep. Ewes can be vaccinated at least 7 weeks before lambing.
Summary
In summary, vaccinating pregnant ewes is essential for ensuring the health and productivity of both ewes and lambs. By implementing a well-designed vaccination program, the flock can be protected against critical diseases such as clostridial infections and pneumonia. The timing of vaccinations, particularly the 4 to 6 week window before lambing, is critical for optimal protection and enhanced colostrum quality, maintaining flock health, reducing mortality rates and ensuring the production of healthy lambs.